Who was the president of the Confederate States during the Civil War?

The president of the Confederate States during the Civil War was Jefferson Davis. He was a key figure in the Confederacy, having been elected as its first and only president in 1861. Jefferson Davis was previously a U.S. Senator and a Secretary of War, which provided him with significant political and military experience prior to leading the Confederacy. His leadership was marked by attempts to unify the Southern states and navigate the challenges posed by the war against the Union.

In contrast, the other individuals listed played significant but different roles during the Civil War. Andrew Johnson was the president of the United States after Abraham Lincoln and did not have any role in the Confederacy's leadership. Ulysses S. Grant was a Union general who became a key military leader for the North and later the president of the United States. Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate Army but was not the political leader of the Confederacy. Thus, Jefferson Davis stands out as the correct answer due to his specific role as the Confederate president during this tumultuous period in American history.