Which of the following was a major focus of independent black churches established after emancipation?

Independent black churches established after emancipation played a crucial role in the lives of newly freed African Americans, with a major focus on education and community support. These churches not only served as places of worship but also became centers for learning and mutual aid. Many black churches took on the responsibility of educating children and adults who had previously been denied access to formal education, helping to promote literacy and knowledge within the community.

The emphasis on community support was also significant. Churches organized resources to aid those in need, whether through food, shelter, or assistance in finding jobs. They became vital social hubs where members could find comfort, fellowship, and a sense of belonging in a society that was often hostile and discriminatory.

While political activism, social gatherings, and artistic expression were also important aspects of the black experience post-emancipation, the foundational role of education and community support in these independent black churches was particularly influential in the establishment of a strong, resilient African American community during the Reconstruction era and beyond.