Which of the following best describes Andrew Johnson's approach to Reconstruction?

Andrew Johnson's approach to Reconstruction is best characterized as lenient and sympathetic to the South. Following the Civil War, Johnson aimed to quickly reintegrate the Southern states back into the Union and was largely forgiving towards former Confederates. His policies included issuing pardons to many ex-Confederate leaders and allowing Southern states to establish their own governments with minimal federal intervention. This leniency was rooted in his belief in states' rights and a desire to restore the Union swiftly without harsh penalties for the South.

Johnson's sympathetic stance is evident in his opposition to the more radical elements within Congress that sought to impose strict conditions on the Southern states and ensure civil rights for the freedmen. He often clashed with the Radical Republicans, who advocated for a Reconstruction policy that was more punitive toward the South and aimed at securing greater rights for African Americans.

This lenient approach ultimately alienated many in the North and led to significant political conflicts, as Johnson's policies did not provide adequate protections for newly freed slaves and allowed many former Confederates to regain power in the South. Therefore, Johnson's strategy is best described as lenient and sympathetic, as it aimed at reconciliation rather than punishment.