What did the Treaty of Versailles establish after World War I?

The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, played a crucial role in shaping the post-World War I landscape. One of its primary outcomes was the imposition of heavy reparations on Germany, which significantly impacted its economy and contributed to the political instability that followed in the years leading up to World War II. Furthermore, the treaty redrew European borders, resulting in significant territorial changes. For instance, it led to the creation of new nations and adjustments to existing borders, particularly in regions like Eastern Europe and the Balkans.

The other choices reflect aspects of the post-war framework but do not fully encompass the critical elements of the Treaty of Versailles. While the treaty did establish the League of Nations, this was only one component of a broader agreement that notably included reparations and territorial adjustments. The liberation of European nations under colonial rule did not occur directly because of the Treaty of Versailles. Furthermore, while the treaty did indeed formally end hostilities, it involved far-reaching changes in territories and reparations rather than being characterized by a lack of major territorial changes. Therefore, option B accurately captures the essential impacts of the Treaty of Versailles.